![]() In riverine systems, MPs are introduced from both point and non-point sources 10. However, research on riverine MPs is still in its infancy, and MPs’ dynamics in riverine systems are still unknown or unclear 9. MPs concentration in sediments was found to be 1600 ± 191 particles/kg in Shanghai River, China 7, as well as 18 to 629 particles/kg in Antua River, Portugal 8. Riverine systems have also been identified as sinks to accumulate or retain MPs 6. 5 estimated that 1000 rivers globally transport 0.8 − 2.7 million metric tons of plastic litter each year to the ocean. ![]() A significant proportion of marine plastic debris/MPs is assumed to be derived from riverine systems 4. However, MPs gained attention as an emerging contaminant in freshwater systems over the last decade 3. Microplastics (MPs) (≤ 5 mm) in the marine environment have been reported and studied for many decades 1, 2. The LREs-generated turbulence kinetic energy ( TKE) was found to be a good predictor of PS-MPs transport and retention rates, indicating the effectiveness of LREs in retaining PS-MPs in streams and rivers. Two distinct regimes and thresholds were identified: lower Re* (≤ 15,000) regime corresponding to higher velocities of MPs ( \(\), and enhanced the PS-MPs capture. Our results, for the first time, demonstrated a clear dependence of the MPs’ velocity on Re* in LREs-dominated channel. Scaled experiments were conducted with and without LREs under various shear Reynolds numbers ( Re*) in an ecohydraulics flume. We investigated the impact of large roughness elements (LREs) on in-stream transport and retention of the ubiquitous polystyrene-microplastics (PS-MPs). ![]() The mechanisms controlling transport and retention of microplastics (MPs) in riverine systems are not understood well. ![]()
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